Finding character set of database or table or column in MYSQL

For Schemas:

SELECT default_character_set_name FROM information_schema.SCHEMATA

WHERE schema_name = "schemaname";

For Tables:

SELECT CCSA.character_set_name FROM information_schema.`TABLES` T,

       information_schema.`COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY` CCSA
WHERE CCSA.collation_name = T.table_collation
  AND T.table_schema = "schemaname"
  AND T.table_name = "tablename";

For Columns:

SELECT character_set_name FROM information_schema.`COLUMNS`  

WHERE table_schema = "schemaname" 

 AND table_name = "tablename"  

AND column_name = "columnname";